CMV (Cytomegalovirus) During Pregnancy: An In-depth Look

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a commonly encountered virus that belongs to the Herpesviridae family and is one of the most common congenital viral infections affecting all age groups. Almost everyone encounters this virus by the age of 20.

For pregnant women, CMV can have significant implications for their unborn babies. Most pregnant women already have antibodies against CMV due to previous encounters with the virus. However, exposure during pregnancy can go undetected and transmit to the foetus during term or delivery. If the mother is detected positive for CMV, the doctor may check if the baby has also got the infection by performing an ultrasound, amniocentesis, or testing the baby at birth or within the first two weeks.

Congenital CMV infection is when the baby is born with the infection and is the leading cause for children developing hearing problems or hearing loss due to non-genetic reasons. If left untreated, congenital CMV can cause low birth weight and a smaller head, enlarged liver and spleen, jaundice, pneumonia, and long-term complications such as hearing loss and visual impairment.

Maintaining a hygienic lifestyle can help prevent CMV infection. The virus spreads from an infected person to another person through body fluids, including saliva, urine, faeces, tears, vaginal secretions, semen, breast milk, and any other bodily secretion. It is not related to food, water, or animals.

In babies with congenital CMV, regular medication with antiviral drugs as prescribed by the doctor is essential. Treatment is not usually required in adults, but antiviral drugs may be prescribed in some cases. For women who are CMV-positive, non-hormonal contraceptives such as copper IUDs are generally recommended to avoid potential hormonal effects on viral reactivation, but individual medical advice should be sought.

If a person becomes immuno-compromised, such as from HIV infection, CMV can cause severe health conditions. However, the mother does not face serious threats from CMV viral infection.

Children who show symptoms of CMV infection should not mingle with other kids till they recover. Regular check-ups for vision and hearing are recommended for babies with congenital CMV. If the mother encounters CMV after the first trimester, the chances of the baby being born with congenital CMV are less.

In conclusion, while CMV is a common virus that most people encounter, it can have serious implications for pregnant women and their unborn babies. Pregnant women are advised to maintain a hygienic lifestyle and seek medical advice if they suspect they have been exposed to CMV. Regular check-ups for vision and hearing are recommended for babies with congenital CMV, and timely treatment can help prevent long-term complications.