Contest between Bilingual Education and English-Centric Learning: Insights from Scientific Studies
The U.S. Department of Justice recently released guidance for federal agencies on implementing an order that emphasizes English-language education and assimilation. This comes as many schools and states are investing in bilingual education programs, but ensuring English learners get a seat in these classrooms is crucial.
Bilingual education, an umbrella term for programs that teach academic content in more than one language, is varied in enrollment, duration, balance between languages, teaching methods, and long-term goals. Researchers suggest promoting bilingualism in schools by using community liaisons, stocking up on bilingual books, and allowing translanguaging in classrooms.
Despite the growing interest in bilingual education, a study conducted in 2020 found that many states lack a core requirement for all teachers in bilingual programs. This is an area that states need to consider, especially in light of the Trump administration's executive order declaring English the nation's official language in March.
Research evidence supports the benefits of bilingual education. Students in these programs often achieve better academic outcomes in English and their home or heritage language, have increased graduation rates, and are more likely to be reclassified out of English-learner status. Additionally, bilingual education can boost self-confidence and provide improved family-engagement opportunities.
However, it's important to note that language policy decisions can be more political than pedagogical. Research studies find that, on average, bilingual programs benefit English-learner classified students more than being in an English-only program.
In June, researchers gathered for a webinar hosted by SEAL and New America to discuss the benefits of bilingual education and work remaining to ensure English learners' access to programs. Districts should ensure that bilingual programs are in neighborhoods where multilingual students can have access to them, including those with disabilities and newcomer immigrants.
The White House's federal budget proposal, however, calls for the elimination of federal dollars dedicated to English learners. This could potentially hinder the growth and implementation of effective bilingual education programs across the U.S.
In conclusion, while bilingual education offers numerous benefits, it's essential to address the teacher-training requirements and expectations for teachers working with English learners, especially in bilingual programs. By investing in these programs and ensuring English learners have access to them, we can help bridge the language gap and provide a more inclusive and effective educational environment for all students.
