Current rhino population count exhibits varying trends across the globe's five distinct species

In a recent report, rhino specialist groups have revealed a mixed picture for the world's five rhino species. The report, commissioned by the CITES secretariat, sheds light on the current state of these majestic creatures.

Poaching remains a significant threat to the white rhino population in Africa, with at least 91 rhinos being killed in South Africa alone during the first quarter of 2025. South Africa, home to more rhinos than any other country, is the source of two-thirds of illegal rhino horns seized worldwide.

However, the report also brings some positive news. The number of Black rhinos, found only in eastern and southern Africa, has increased from 6,195 to 6,788. This growth is a testament to the conservation efforts in place.

The greater one-horned rhino, native to northern India and southern Nepal, is another conservation success story. Despite having only around 200 of them remaining in India at the beginning of the 20th century, the number has slightly increased from 4,014 to 4,075.

Unfortunately, the situation is not as promising for other species. The number of Javan rhinos has dropped significantly from an estimated 76 to just around 50, entirely due to poaching. The Sumatran rhino, found mostly in the dense tropical forest and lowland swamps of the Indonesian island of Sumatra, is also under threat. Poaching and habitat loss from palm oil plantations seriously threaten the survival of this species, with the population virtually unchanged from 2022 estimates, leaving just 34-47 animals remaining.

Southeast Asia's rhino species, which are only found in Indonesia, "remain on the edge of extinction," according to the report. Extended droughts and management limitations also contribute to the decline of the white rhino population in Africa.

In an innovative approach to combat poaching, a group of scientists in South Africa launched a project to inject radioactive material into the horns of rhinos. This harmless material allows the horns to be detected by border authorities when being smuggled, helping to prevent illegal wildlife trade and poaching. This method is part of a new strategy beyond armed rangers and fences to protect rhinos by making their horns dangerous and easily detectable.

The global population estimates don't include rhinos in zoos but rather only those in the wild or in national parks. The report serves as a call to action for continued conservation efforts to protect these endangered species and ensure their survival for future generations.