Developments in automotive technology showcased at IAA: mechanical brake system advancements
The automotive industry is taking a significant leap forward with the introduction of by-wire and act-by-wire systems. These innovative technologies, showcased at the recent IAA Mobility event in Munich, aim to revolutionise the way cars are driven, making them quieter, more fuel-efficient, and safer, and a crucial step towards autonomous driving.
One of the key players in this technological shift is Bosch, which presented its brake-by-wire system. This system, devoid of any mechanical connection between the pedal and the brake, promises to reduce brake force by 70 to 90 percent. This reduction not only increases comfort and reduces motion sickness but also contributes to increased efficiency, as the less frequent use of the friction brake results in a longer range. Furthermore, by-wire decreases abrasion and brake dust, keeping the car cleaner.
Electric actuators, a crucial component of these systems, can build up pressure almost instantly, and the electronics coordinate the intervention seamlessly with the engine and chassis. The entire system is controlled by a compact unit that combines brake force booster, stability program, and additional driving dynamics functions.
The benefits of these systems extend beyond the brake system. Bosch's software also regulates the steering, suspension, and powertrain together, offering the potential for steering to be dematerialized, allowing for more variable translations, compact steering wheels or joysticks, and more legroom.
Another supplier, ZF, also showcased its brake-by-wire system at the IAA Mobility. This system, featuring a "dry" version that operates without brake fluid, uses an electric motor to apply the brake pads directly on each wheel. ZF offers both a pure electric variant and a hybrid one, where the rear axle brakes electrically, while the front continues to use hydraulics, suitable for heavy pickup trucks.
Modern assistance systems and future autonomous driving require a brake that can react instantly and precisely. By-wire systems, with their quick and precise response, fit perfectly with new vehicle architectures, allowing for fewer control devices and more freedom in design.
The technology also offers advantages for automakers, including fewer parts, fewer lines, simpler assembly, and more freedom in the layout of the engine compartment and interior. Moreover, the by-wire approach saves components, creates space in the vehicle, and enables functions that would be difficult to implement with classic technology.
Several other companies are also investing in electronic control of multiple vehicle functions. Bosch, Qualcomm Technologies, Volkswagen (with its subsidiary CARIAD), and collaborations such as VW and Xpeng are focusing on electrical/electronic architectures for various vehicle types. Bosch is known for its "Act-by-Wire" systems that electronically control multiple vehicle functions, Qualcomm provides solutions used by several major car manufacturers, and VW with CARIAD develops vehicle software and electronics architectures supporting broad vehicle functions.
Software updates can add new functions to the vehicle, similar to a smartphone, further enhancing the potential of these systems. As the automotive industry continues to evolve, by-wire and act-by-wire technologies are set to play a significant role in shaping the future of car travel.
