Exploring Psychological Rationales Behind Regrettable Deeds: An Insightful Analysis
In the complex tapestry of human behaviour, one defence mechanism stands out as a powerful force shaping our actions and decisions - self-justification. This psychological phenomenon, discussed at length in the book "Mistakes Were Made (But Not by Me)" by Carol Tavris and Elliot Aronson, is a compelling exploration of how individuals convince themselves that their actions, regardless of their perceived severity, were the best possible options.
At its core, self-justification is centred on the need to achieve internal consistency. We feel cognitive dissonance when our beliefs and behaviours are inconsistent, particularly when they conflict with our self-image, positive view of self, or worldview. The need to quell cognitive dissonance is so strong that people will ignore or dismiss disconfirming data to maintain or strengthen their existing belief.
This cognitive dissonance, a psychological theory proposed by psychologist Leon Festinger, is the cause of self-justification. It relates to Jean-Paul Sartre's notion of the human need for freedom because both involve the individual's attempt to maintain a coherent sense of self and freedom of choice despite external constraints or conflicting realities. Sartre emphasizes freedom as the core of human existence, while cognitive dissonance shows how people justify their actions to preserve their freedom and reduce psychological discomfort.
Self-justification is applicable to various situations, from the debated disclosure of CIA interrogations, the Ferguson shooting case, the NFL's handling of domestic violence, and the continued evidence of campus rape, to smaller, everyday infractions. The question of self-justification is meant to examine the human tendency to justify regrettable actions.
Memories involved in self-justification are often pruned and shaped to reinforce the individual's bias. Findings will be considered irrelevant, and even lack of evidence will be perceived as confirming. Self-justification can lead to a distancing from disconfirming data to the point where the individual believes what they have convinced themselves is true.
However, suspending self-justification to tolerate cognitive dissonance allows others a voice and the opportunity for mutual trust. Recognising and understanding the power of self-justification can help us navigate complex situations with greater empathy and openness, fostering healthier discussions and decisions.
It's essential to note that self-justification is not the same as lying or making excuses for a mistake or harmful action. Instead, it's an inherent human trait that, when acknowledged, can lead to self-improvement and growth. Understanding self-justification is a crucial step towards personal and societal progress.
