Lowering the risk of type 2 diabetes: New research presents potential dietary strategies
The Mediterranean diet, known for its association with improved insulin sensitivity, reduced inflammation, and better metabolic outcomes, has shown promising results in a recent study. This study, part of the PREDIMED trial, the largest European nutrition trial started in 2013, aimed to test whether adding caloric restriction and physical activity to the Mediterranean diet would provide additional benefits.
The study, conducted over 6 years and following more than 4,700 adults ages 55 to 75 from 23 health centers around Spain, found that the combination approach reduced the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 31%. Participants had overweight or obesity, metabolic syndrome, and no history of heart disease or diabetes.
The control group only followed the Mediterranean diet without any calorie restriction, exercise advice, or weight loss plan. On the other hand, the combination group lost an average of 3.3 kilograms (kg) and reduced their waist circumference by 3.6 centimeters (cm). This reduction is clinically relevant, as it significantly lowers the risk of chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Mir Ali, a board-certified general surgeon, believes that any kind of calorie deficit is beneficial for patients trying to lose weight, and that the Mediterranean diet can help reduce symptoms for conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and other issues. He emphasizes the importance of working with a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) for personalized support, especially if there are existing health conditions or medications being taken.
For those who want to follow a calorie-reduced Mediterranean diet, Richard offers tips such as mindful use of olive oil and nuts, focusing on meal structure and consistency, swapping sugar-sweetened drinks with water, sparkling water, or herbal teas, adding more calorie-light and nutrient-dense foods, using an app or food diary, and practical tools like smaller plates, mindful eating, and sitting at a table.
Type 2 diabetes, a chronic condition that affects blood sugar levels, is a significant concern globally. Approximately one in every nine adults worldwide lives with diabetes, and 90% of these cases are type 2 diabetes. Diabetes and obesity in general are on the rise in the U.S., and anything that can show improvement in that is going to be helpful.
Clinicians should consider recommending the multi-domain intervention approach (calorie-reduced Mediterranean-style diet, moderate exercise, and professional support for weight loss) for patients with overweight or obesity. This approach not only reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes but also improves overall health and well-being.
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