Process of Legislative Creation
In the Federal Republic of Germany, the legislative process is a meticulous journey that involves multiple stages and various players. Let's delve into this process, starting with the introduction of a bill.
The most recent law introduced was the Federal Budget Act for the fiscal year 2025 (Haushaltsgesetz 2025), presented by Finance Minister Lars Klingbeil (SPD) on July 8, 2025. Once a bill is introduced, it is referred to a committee for examination and discussion. This committee, tasked with scrutinising the bill, may form sub-committees to delve deeper into specific aspects.
During committee deliberations, the opposition and experts are given the opportunity to speak. Amendments, discussions, and a report are part of the committee's process. Some committee proceedings may be held in private (in camera) to maintain confidentiality.
Once the committee's work is done, the bill returns to the plenary for further deliberations. The second reading in the plenary takes place, during which changes can still be made. Voting occurs during this plenary session, and if the bill is approved, it moves on to the third reading and enactment.
It's important to note that some state treaties also require the approval of the Federal Council. In such cases, the government concludes the treaty, and the National Council approves it. A notable example is the State Treaty of Vienna in 1955.
Sometimes, voting is conducted by name, lending a personal touch to the legislative process. However, the process remains formal and rigorous, ensuring that every bill or treaty is thoroughly examined before it becomes law.
In the Federal Republic of Germany, the legislative process is a testament to the country's commitment to democracy and transparency. It allows for the careful consideration of laws and treaties, ensuring that they serve the best interests of the nation and its citizens.
