Space researchers locate vital life component encased in the frigid expanse of the cosmos

In a groundbreaking discovery, an international team of researchers has proposed a theory that could explain the long-standing mystery of missing hydrogen sulfide molecules in space. The study, published in the prestigious journal Nature, suggests that these molecules are not lost but instead crystallize in interstellar ice.

The research team, which includes astrochemist Ryan Fortenberry of the University of Mississippi, chemistry professor Ralf Kaiser of the University of Hawaii at Mānoa, and computational chemist Samer Gozem of Georgia State University, has shed light on the potential inventories of sulfur-containing molecules that can be formed on interstellar ices.

Sulfur, one of the key building blocks for planets, stars, and life itself, is the tenth most abundant element in the universe. However, previous observations have consistently revealed far less sulfur in its molecular form than predicted in space. This discrepancy has puzzled astronomers for years.

The new research offers insights into this mystery. In the frigid conditions of space, sulfur atoms can bond together to form two "stable configurations" on the surface of icy dust grains. One of these configurations is an octasulfur crown, a ring made of eight sulfur atoms, while the other is a polysulfane, a chain of sulfur atoms linked by hydrogen atoms.

In energetic star-forming regions, these icy molecules are expected to sublimate, potentially releasing trapped sulfur in detectable forms. This could explain why sulfur has been difficult to detect with standard telescope methods, as its bonds are unstable.

The study also suggests that a reservoir of sulfur likely exists within interstellar icy regions. This finding could help advance our understanding of the universe's chemistry and the supply of elements needed for planets.

Astronomers can now use powerful radio telescopes to concentrate their search on star-forming regions, thanks to the team's identification of sulfur's stable forms in ice. This provides a clear roadmap for future research, offering the promise of further insights into the mysteries of space.

In summary, the international research team has proposed a theory that missing hydrogen sulfide molecules in space are not lost but crystallize in interstellar ice. This discovery could significantly advance our understanding of the universe's chemistry and the supply of elements needed for planets.