Zero Trust Approach Explained: A Security Concept that Guards Against Unauthorized Access
In the era of remote work, securing digital assets has become a paramount concern for organisations worldwide. One approach gaining traction is the Zero Trust security model, a mindset shift that prioritises defence within the network.
First described by Paul Marsh in 1994 and further specified by NIST in 2018, Zero Trust does not trust any user, device, application, or data. This means that even inside a network, every request is verified and validated, ensuring a robust defence against potential threats.
The German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) has been at the forefront of implementing Zero Trust strategies, particularly in securing large language model (LLM) systems. By limiting access rights, enforcing transparency in decision-making, and enforcing continuous authentication and authorization at all levels, BSI aims to safeguard these critical systems.
Organisations aiming for Zero Trust must systematically remove implicit trusts within the network. This includes fewer permissions for users and devices, reducing the potential damage from malware. High-risk assets should be checked for access, authentication requirements, and permissions, with permissions temporarily restricted based on security settings, patch level, operating system version, and installed security solutions.
Implementing a Zero-Trust strategy in this context means using two-factor authentication for employee verification. User access permissions should be limited to what is necessary for their work. Monitoring data traffic is crucial for early detection of cyber attacks.
AI-integrated technologies can recognise anomalies faster and more comprehensively, but they are expensive. These technologies can be used to automate the monitoring process, providing real-time alerts when potential threats are detected.
Changes in IT infrastructure should be considered in the Zero Trust rulebook. Network analysis tools, log management & SIEM (Security Information and Event Management), and other monitoring systems are essential for maintaining visibility and control over the network.
The practical implementation of the Zero Trust security model affects all areas of IT and requires thorough testing before activation. In Germany, the proportion of employees working at least partially from home reached almost 25% in 2021, underscoring the need for robust security measures in remote work environments.
Zero Trust must be integrated into corporate culture and viewed as an ongoing process. It is not a one-time solution but a continuous effort to secure digital assets and protect against ever-evolving cyber threats.
